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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people with ADHD are prescribed medication. It can help alleviate symptoms, but it can also trigger adverse effects. Talk to your doctor when you experience any side effects. Stimulants are among the most popular type of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe to treat ADHD. These medicines increase levels of brain chemicals, also known as neurotransmitters, which regulate the attention span and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a first-choice stimulant used to treat ADHD in both adults and children. It is effective by increasing the activity in brain areas that regulate attention and behavior. Methylphenidate can also be used to treat other conditions, such as the disorder known as narcolepsy. It can help patients with Narcolepsy remain awake throughout the day and improve their ability to concentrate and pay attention. This medication has a very high potential for abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. The medication is taken exactly as prescribed to decrease the risk of abuse and side negative effects. Methylphenidate may trigger psychotic symptoms in some people. It can also cause worse behavioral problems and tics in certain people suffering from bipolar disorder or Tourette's syndrome. Before taking this medication, people with these conditions must tell their doctor. It is essential to inform your doctor if there are any other health issues or are sensitive to any food or dyes (such as tartrazine, which is a yellow dye that is found in processed foods as well as some medicines or if you're taking Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate may interact with certain medications, such as opioid medicines, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, like isocarboxazid (Marplan) Linezolid (Zyvox) and methylene blue, phenelzine (Nardil) or rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar) or tranylcypromine (Parnate). It's also important to avoid drinking alcohol or other stimulant drugs while taking methylphenidate. They can have a negative effect on your blood pressure and heart rate. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin) and the long-acting chewable tablet and long-acting orally disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain phenylalanine. It can be dangerous if you have a genetic condition called Phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion, a medication that treats depression is a brain stimulant and improves mood. It also reduces symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression that occurs in autumn-winter. It can also be used to aid people in quitting smoking by reducing the craving for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Several studies of adults have revealed that bupropion helps improve ADHD symptoms in comparison to placebo. The fixed effect RR pooled for improvements in week 6 (using the criteria of a clinically significant improvement of 30% or more on the CGI) is 1.14 (95%CI 0.95-1.37). For overall response, this is 52 percent of the bupropion group and 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion could cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions with several different medications, including sedatives, antidepressants, and some blood pressure medications. It may also increase seizure risk in people who have a history of seizures or high blood pressure. It is also not recommended for people suffering from certain medical conditions. It should not be taken by women who are breastfeeding or pregnant. Bupropion is available as the brand-name medication Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants, or TCAs are a class of medications that work by affecting brain chemicals. They were among the first antidepressants to be that were developed, and though they are no longer considered a first-line treatment for depression, they can still be effective for some patients suffering from other conditions. They work by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine serotonin and noradrenaline by increasing their presence in neurons. They also aid in reducing the symptoms of other conditions, including pain syndromes and enuresis, such as fibromyalgia and the phantom the limb syndrome. TCAs can be prescribed alone or together with stimulants and they can have a positive effect on the symptoms of ADHD. They can help improve the core ADHD symptoms and reduce anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. They can also aid in managing tics. These are uncontrollable repetitive movements or sounds such as blinking or clearing the throat. TCAs can cause adverse effects, like sedation, dry mouth and constipation, and may increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. These drugs can interact with other medications, including anticholinergics, and should be avoided by pregnant women. They are also known to be teratogenic in animals, and can cross the placenta. If you have any concerns discuss it with your doctor because there are newer antidepressants with a safer side-effects profile. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs are antidepressants that hinder serotonin reuptake by neurons and increase the amount of available serotonin to signal. They also decrease anxiety and lower impulsive behavior. They are often used as adhd medication because they improve symptoms in certain individuals and are effective in conjunction with other medication. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline paroxetine, and citalopram. They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have low clearance from the body, however they are extensively metabolized the liver through CYP450 isoenzymes. This results in varying blood concentrations. These drugs are also prescribed to treat various disorders, including major depressive disorder, bulimia nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). adhd in adults medication Iam Psychiatry , escitalopram, and sertraline could help in reducing PTSD symptoms. However, they don't seem to be effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. SSRIs could cause a uncommon side effect, referred to as sexual dysfunction. It is important to discuss this with your doctor if you are considering taking one of these medications. It is common for people to have to test several different kinds of ADHD medications before they find the one that works best for them. The development and research of new medications is ongoing. It is important to inform all medications you take to your doctor. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) If stimulant drugs aren't effective for adults suffering from ADHD Doctors often prescribe an antidepressant, also known as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These drugs increase the levels of two brain chemicals called serotonin and norepinephrine. They also improve mood and reduce anxiety and depression. SNRIs are similar to TCAs, but they are safer and have fewer side effects. They are prescribed for a variety of ailments like anxiety disorders, chronic pain such as fibromyalgia, as well as nerve pain. Sometimes, they are used to treat depression, too. Examples of SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta) and Venlafaxine (Effexor). These drugs work by preventing the reabsorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine, which is a natural reaction in the brain after neurotransmission. This causes a greater than normal release of norepinephrine in a phasic manner. The increase in norepinephrine levels can improve attention and mood. SNRIs aren't approved by the FDA for treating ADHD however, certain doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant. They are typically taken orally in the form of pills, however, they can also be taken in the form of patches or liquids. In April 2021 the FDA approved an oral SNRI known as viloxazine (Qelbree) to treat ADHD in kids and adolescents. It does not have the potential for abuse, so it is not classified as a controlled substance. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that affect the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. They are used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, but also help control symptoms of ADHD. Several studies have shown that SNRI medications, such as duloxetine and venlafaxine, can significantly reduce the score of different ADHD tests. However, SNRIs can increase a person's blood pressure and may interact with certain medications. It is essential to speak with a physician prior to taking these drugs. Additionally, improperly disposed medication can harm both people and animals. It is therefore important to follow the correct disposal guidelines. SSRIs and SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD, but doctors can prescribe them off-label. They are safe, effective and have less side effects than stimulants. Talk to your doctor and discuss the symptoms of your child. SNRIs may not be appropriate for everyone. Women who are pregnant or nursing should avoid taking SNRIs since they could be absorbed through breast milk. People who suffer from high blood pressure or liver problems should not take them, either, as they may increase their risks of cardiovascular complications. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people with ADHD take medication to improve their focus and concentration. They might also experience less impulse-driven behaviors. The treatment is usually paired with behavior therapy and skills training, which aid people to manage their symptoms. It takes time to find the appropriate dosage and medication for each person. In this period doctors will be monitoring the physical reactions of patients to find a balance between the effects of side effects and the benefits. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, enhance the activity of specific brain chemicals that control memory and attention. Although they are generally safe and effective for the majority of people, they can trigger serious side effects like decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These side effects usually disappear within a few weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. Adults and children alike can take non-stimulant medicines. They can take longer to work, but they can improve the ability to control impulses and concentration. These include alpha-2-adrenergic agonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine), as well as the guanfacine. Antidepressants also help treat ADHD. They can increase norepinephrine which is a neurotransmitter found in the brain that assists with the impulsive behavior and depression. Bupropion, an antidepressant, has been prescribed to treat ADHD. It was originally prescribed “off-label” for ADHD, but drugmakers eventually came up with extended-release versions and the FDA approved it as a treatment for this disorder.